Ovarian tumor removal during pregnancy
Is it safe to remove ovarian cyst during pregnancy?
Can you give birth with ovarian cyst?
Ovarian cancer and fertility
How do cysts on ovaries affect pregnancy?
Can you remove ovarian cyst without removing ovary?
Ovarian tumor removal during pregnancy
The surgical management of ovarian tumors in pregnancy is similar to that of non-pregnant women. The procedures include resection of the tumor (enucleation ), removal of an ovary or ovaries (oophorectomy), or surgical excision of the fallopian tube and ovary (salpingo-oophorectomy).
Ovarian malignancies during pregnancy are rare. In a large survey in Canada, the incidence of malignant ovarian tumors during pregnancy was 0.0416 per 1,000 pregnancies, comprising mainly borderline tumors followed by epithelial tumors. In Europe and the USA, the incidence was 0.04–0.11 per 1,000 pregnancies, and comprised mostly borderline tumors. In Asia, the incidence was 0.106 per 1,000 pregnancies, with 40% being borderline tumors. It was also found that grade I tumors accounted for up to 62.5% of all cases, and histological type was mainly low-grade malignancy (62.5%). Borderline tumors accounted for up to 50% of these cases. Previously reported cases have had tumor diameters in the range of 5–24 cm. Here we present two rare cases of large ovarian malignancy during pregnancy, both involving tumors with diameters larger than 20 cm, with one reaching 40 cm. One study estimates that only 2.4 – 5.7% of pregnancies will present with an ovarian mass. Only about 5% are expected to be malignant.
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The nine months of pregnancy can be an exciting part of a mother’s life but can become very challenging when faced with a cancer diagnosis. If you are having symptoms that concern you and are wondering if it is possible that you have ovarian cancer during your pregnancy, talk to your doctor right away about diagnostic tests.
The important thing to note is that most ovarian masses found during pregnancy are not malignant, and the ones which are cancerous are often in earlier stages. For most women, this means that the baby’s life does not have to be jeopardized. Also, many women are able to preserve their fertility (if desired) through conservative surgery by removing only the one affected ovary and fallopian tube. Though there are suggested and researched standardized methods of care for ovarian cancer (detailed below), there is still not enough research due to its rarity. Thus, treatment of and care for ovarian cancer during pregnancy is often very individualized.
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Is it safe to remove ovarian cyst during pregnancy?
Your doctors will wait until you’re in your second trimester before removing the cyst. Waiting until then will protect your baby, as surgery to remove the cyst during early pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage. Sometimes, a cyst needs to be removed as soon as possible, regardless of your stage of pregnancy.
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Can you give birth with ovarian cyst?
Happily, most ovarian cysts during pregnancy are harmless which means you don't have to give them a second thought. But if you're experiencing pain or have any other symptoms, be sure to let your practitioner know. Careful monitoring and pain medication as needed can help keep your pregnancy and baby-to-be safe.
Cysts do not generally make it harder to get pregnant. But if the cysts are caused by an underlying condition like endometriosis, you might have problems with fertility.
Endometriosis is a condition in which cells from the lining of your uterus implant or grow on the outside of the uterus. If it causes growths that block your fallopian tubes, blood can get trapped in the ovaries, causing cysts.
While it’s still possible to get pregnant, endometriosis does decrease fertility. In fact, almost 50% of women with infertility also have endometriosis.
There are steps you can take which may lower your risk of getting endometriosis. Make sure that you:
- Exercise regularly
- Avoid large amounts of alcohol
- Stay away from drinks loaded with caffeine
Ovarian cancer and fertility
Your ovaries are crucial to reproduction. They produce eggs, along with the female hormones estrogen and progesterone. There are several ways that having ovarian cancer can affect your ability to have children in the future. Cancerous tumors can damage your ovaries and your ability to produce eggs. You may also need to have one or both ovaries removed. Chemotherapy and radiation treatments can also trigger early menopause.
If you want to have more children, discuss your options and concerns with a specialist before beginning treatment.
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How do cysts on ovaries affect pregnancy?
Having a cyst on an ovary does not usually affect one's chances of becoming pregnant, which is why doctors will typically only investigate further if a couple has been trying to conceive naturally through regular intercourse for a year, but have not yet been successful in falling pregnant.
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Can you remove ovarian cyst without removing ovary?
Some cysts can be removed without removing the ovary (ovarian cystectomy). In some cases, your doctor might suggest removing the affected ovary and leaving the other intact (oophorectomy). If a cystic mass is cancerous, your doctor will likely refer you to a gynecologic cancer specialist.
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