Microinjection infertility

Microinjection method prescription

The steps of microinjection

Microinjection success probability

Disadvantages of Microinjection Method

What is microinjection in genetic engineering?

What is electroporation method?

Who discovered electroporation?

Who invented microinjection?

Why is electroporation advantageous over chemical treatment?

Microinjection is a technique used to treat infertility by IVF. In this method, fertilization is performed by an embryologist by direct injection of sperm into the egg. This method is usually used in cases where there is a problem with male sperm. IVF fertilization today is usually done by microinjection. You can learn more about this important treatment.

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Microinjection method prescription

Microinjection helps to treat severe infertility that cannot be treated by other methods. This method also helps men who are unable to produce sperm or have very low sperm counts to have children. In most cases of IVF today, fertilization is done by microinjection. Microinjection can increase the chance of fertility if the following problems occur:

• Absence of sperm in semen
• Low sperm count
• Low sperm motility
• Abnormal sperm shape
• Injury or lack of a passage in the male
• Perform a vasectomy in the past
• Coping with a problem with the previous IVF fertilization process

Your doctor may also recommend microinjection if you have previously used frozen IVF oocytes or if you need pre-embryo transfer genetic testing.

The steps of microinjection

Microinjection stages are the same as IVF stages, although the process of sperm collection may be different. In contrast to the traditional IVF method, in vitro fertilization of eggs and sperm is done by injecting sperm into the egg. If there is no problem in sperm analysis experiments, sperm sampling is performed according to IVF method. If tests do not show sperm in semen, your doctor may recommend surgery to collect sperm. The following are two common ways to collect male sperm in the absence of semen or in the absence of ejaculation in the male:

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Microscopic Surgery: In this procedure, the doctor extracts sperm from the testicles or sperm carriers through a microscopic operation. This is usually done with local anesthesia and then there will be no pain. After this surgery, you should avoid vigorous activity for five to five days, but can return to work after one or two days.

Tissue specimen if necessary: ​​If microscopic surgery is not successful, the doctor will remove a specimen of tissue that may contain sperm from the testicles.

Other microinjection steps are like IVF. First, the woman’s medication is treated to induce ovulation, and then, by puncture, the eggs are extracted and examined in a laboratory by a psychologist and the sperm collected from the male are injected into the egg by microinjection. After fertilization, embryo development begins and usually after three to five days after fertilization, the healthy embryo is transferred to the uterus by the doctor. After two weeks, a pregnancy test is needed to confirm the implantation.

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Microinjection success probability

If you haven’t already had a baby using traditional IVF fertilization because of problems with egg fertilization, you can increase the chance of fertilization by adding microinjection to the next IVF treatment, as the process is performed by a laboratory psychologist. IVF neonatal births with microinjection are similar to traditional IVFs without microinjection, but in certain cases IVF infertility can greatly increase the chance of fertility.

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Disadvantages of Microinjection Method

Microinjection Since it is the same IVF method, it has its drawbacks. The cost and timeliness of treatment, the probability of pregnancy, and the possibility of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are some of the drawbacks of IVF with microinjection. Men who use microinjection to fertilize may have fertility problems, such as low sperm count or lack of vas deferens due to genetic defects. If you have these genetic problems in a man, your son may also inherit the disorder. For this reason, genetic counseling should be performed before microinjection is possible.

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What is microinjection in genetic engineering?

Microinjection is the use of a glass micropipette to inject a liquid substance at a microscopic or borderline macroscopic level. The target is often a living cell but may also include intercellular space. Microinjection is a simple mechanical process usually involving an inverted microscope with a magnification power of around 200x (though sometimes it is performed using a dissecting stereo microscope at 40–50x or a traditional compound upright microscope at similar power to an inverted model).

Pronuclear injection is a technique used to create transgenic organisms by injecting genetic material into the nucleus of a fertilized oocyte. This technique is commonly used to study the role of genes using mouse animal models.

The pronuclear injection of mouse sperm is one of the two most common methods for producing transgenic animals (along with the genetic engineering of embryonic stem cells). In order for pronuclear injection to be successful, the genetic material (typically linear DNA) must be injected while the genetic material from the oocyte and sperm are separate (i.e., the pronuclear phase).

What is electroporation method?

Electroporation, or electropermeabilization, is a microbiology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, or DNA to be introduced into the cell (also called electrotransfer). In microbiology, the process of electroporation is often used to transform bacteria, yeast, or plant protoplasts by introducing new coding DNA.

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Who discovered electroporation?

The technique was first described by Neumann et al. in 1982 and is based on the earlier observation that biomembranes can be made transiently permeable when short electric impulses are applied.

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Who invented microinjection?

A hundred years ago, Dr. Marshall A. Barber proposed a new technique – the microinjection technique. He developed this method initially to clone bacteria and to confirm the germ theory of Koch and Pasteur. Later on, he refined his approach and was able to manipulate nuclei in protozoa and to implant bacteria into plant cells. Continuous improvement and adaptation of this method to new applications dramatically changed experimental embryology and cytology and led to the formation of several new scientific disciplines including animal cloning as one of its latest applications. Interestingly, microinjection originated as a method at the crossroad of bacteriology and plant biology, demonstrating once again the unforeseen impact that basic research in an unrelated field can have on the development of entirely different disciplines.

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Why is electroporation advantageous over chemical treatment?

Because it is versatile—it works with any cell, any organism—electroporation is uniquely advantageous. Electroporation has several advantages: versatility (works with any cell type), efficiency, very low DNA requirements, and the ability to operate in living organisms. Disadvantages include potential cell damage and the nonspecific transport of molecules into and out of the cell.

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